What happens if I do not take my required minimum distribution?
I turned 74 this year and my bank says I must withdraw a minimum amount from my IRA or face a penalty. I do not need the money yet. What happens if I just leave it there?
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If you skip your required minimum distribution, you will face significant tax penalties and may trigger a cascade of compliance issues that hurt your long-term financial health.
- Immediate Tax Penalty: The IRS imposes an excise tax on the amount you failed to withdraw. Under current law, this penalty is typically 25 percent of the shortfall, though the SECURE Act 2.0 allows you to avoid it by correcting the omission within a reasonable period if you file Form 5329.
- Compounding Errors: Missing a distribution in one year does not just penalize that year; it also affects your RMD calculation for subsequent years because your account balance remains higher than it should be, potentially increasing future mandatory withdrawals and taxes.
- Financial Planning Impact: While you may not need the cash now, leaving money in the account increases your taxable income in later years. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) treats these distributions as ordinary income, so a large lump sum or delayed withdrawal can push you into a higher tax bracket.
- State and Local Implications: Many states, such as California and New York, impose their own additional penalties for failing to meet federal RMD requirements. It is critical to check with a tax professional about your specific state laws, as rules can vary significantly.
- Recovery Steps: If you have already missed a distribution, contact your bank or financial advisor immediately to calculate the exact amount you should have withdrawn. You can often cure the penalty by distributing the amount plus the appropriate interest for the period it was in the account.
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